Scoliosis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Scoliosis?

Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves sideways. Usually, the spine should be straight. However, in scoliosis, it forms an “S” or “C” shape. This curve can be mild or severe. Many people develop scoliosis during childhood or early teens. Still, adults can also get it. Early detection helps manage the condition better. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), scoliosis affects about 2-3% of the population. Because scoliosis can change over time, regular check-ups are important.

Common Symptoms of Scoliosis

Often, scoliosis symptoms are mild at first. But as the curve grows, signs become easier to notice. Early signs can be hard to spot. However, knowing what to look for can help.

Uneven shoulders or waist

One shoulder blade sticks out more

Hips look uneven

Clothes do not fit evenly

Back pain, especially in adults

Leaning to one side

Sometimes, breathing problems can occur if the curve is severe. But most people with scoliosis do not have pain or other health issues.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not always know what causes scoliosis. In most cases, the cause is unknown. This is called idiopathic scoliosis. However, some factors can increase the risk.

Family history: Scoliosis can run in families.

Age: It often starts during growth spurts, usually between ages 10 and 15.

Gender: Girls are more likely to have curves that get worse.

Other conditions: Some diseases, like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy, can cause scoliosis.

Even though these factors raise risk, anyone can develop scoliosis. Therefore, regular check-ups are helpful, especially for children.

How Scoliosis is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to diagnose scoliosis. First, they ask about symptoms and family history. Next, they do a physical exam. During the exam, you may be asked to bend forward. This helps the doctor see any curve in the spine. If scoliosis is suspected, imaging tests are used.

X-rays: Show the shape and size of the curve.

MRI or CT scans: Used if more detail is needed.

Doctors measure the curve in degrees. A curve over 10 degrees is considered scoliosis. The size of the curve helps guide treatment. Early diagnosis is key, so do not delay if you notice symptoms.

Treatment Options for Scoliosis

Treatment for scoliosis depends on age, curve size, and symptoms. Not all cases need treatment. Some people only need regular check-ups. However, others may need more help. Here are common scoliosis treatment options:

Observation: Small curves may only need monitoring every 4-6 months.

Bracing: Wearing a brace can stop the curve from getting worse, especially in children.

Physical therapy: Exercises can help strengthen back muscles.

Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be needed to straighten the spine.

Most people with mild scoliosis live normal lives. But regular follow-up is important to watch for changes.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While you cannot always prevent scoliosis, healthy habits can help manage it. For example, staying active keeps your back strong. Here are some tips for living with scoliosis:

Exercise regularly, such as walking or swimming

Maintain good posture

Use a supportive chair when sitting

Follow your doctor’s advice on physical therapy

Wear your brace as directed, if prescribed

Although these steps do not cure scoliosis, they can improve comfort and strength. Early action can make a big difference.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice uneven shoulders, hips, or back pain, see a doctor. Early signs can be easy to miss. However, quick action helps prevent problems later. Children and teens should have regular check-ups, especially during growth spurts. If you have a family history of scoliosis, tell your doctor. Remember, most cases are mild, but some need treatment. Do not ignore new or worsening symptoms.

If you have concerns about scoliosis, consult Ajey Diagnostic Pvt. Ltd for personalized guidance on scoliosis.